While governance is not a new concept in the literature of the humanities, its emergence in recent decades is the product of a reconsideration by thinkers in this field of the past literature of political philosophy, especially in the Western World. Thus, the Islamic-Iranian meaning of government requires a re-reading of the political ideas raised in the Islamic-Iranian heritage, especially after the constitutional revolution. One of these political ideas is the political idea that was put forward by Noorollah Najafi Isfahani during the constitutional period in his "Treatise on the Conversation between the Resident and the Traveler". In this article, we first identified five components of contemporary governance: rule of law, accountability, participation, transparency, and efficiency. In the second part of the paper, we discussed the epistemological and socio-historical conditions in Tehran, Qom, and above all Isfahan in the time leading up to the Constitutional Revolution. Agha Noorollah began his struggles before the constitutional period. By playing an active role in the tobacco protest, he was at the forefront of Isfahan's constitutional scholars. The components of governance in the said treatise include the rule of law (criticizing the monarchy and explaining the law in the constitutional period), accountability (emphasizing the provisions of the Council Verse in the Quran), participation (emphasizing the Council), transparency (emphasizing monitoring and fighting corruption), and efficiency (strengthening Islam and removing obstacles to the weak performance of Muslims).